Field investigations, petrology, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analysis were performed to investigate the petrogenesis of Ningjiawan pluton, in an attempt to shed light on its geodynamic significance. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating from two samples yielded ages of 2364±6 Ma (MSWD=0.13) and 2360±23 Ma (MSWD=4.0) respectively, indicating that the magma emplaced and crystalized in Paleoproterozoic. The pluton contains high concentrations of alkaline, K and Si, had elevated FeO^T/MgO ratios and high field strength element (HFSE) contents, was enriched in Rb, Ba, Th and U elements, was depleted in Ca, Mg, P and Ti, and possessed a “seagull-type” chondrite-normalied REE pattern with significantly negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.13−0.36) and enrichment in the LREE relative to the HREE, exhibiting the traits of the highly fractionated Itype granite. Relatively high whole-rock Y/Nb values (1.2−2.8), together with positive ε_Hf(t) values (+1.6−+6.4), and t_DM1(Hf) and t_DM2(Hf) ages of 2449−2629 Ma and 2474−2711 Ma respectively on the zircon grains, signified that they were products derived from magma mixing between crust and depleted mantle sources. Moreover, distinctive negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies and positive Ce, Nd and Zr anomalies, characteristics of continental margin arc, combining with the regional geological background, indicate that Ningjiawan pluton is very likely to form in island arc setting.

In order to determine the genesis of the hornblendite enclaves in the Jinling magmatic complex of intrusions in the Western Shandong Province, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses have been conducted on the hornblendites from the complex. The hornblendites show clearly cumulus structure and are composed of plagioclases and amphiboles. The amphiboles in hornblendite enclaves can be divided into two types. The first type of amphibole shows lower SiO₂ but higher Al₂O₃ contents and is classified as the pargasite with magmatic genesis. The other type of amphibole is composed of actinolite, magnesiohornblende and edenite with higher SiO₂ but lower Al₂O₃, which may be attributed to modifications of the magmatic amphiboles during later tectonothermal events. The crystallization pressure of hornblendite enclaves is estimated to be 0.48 GPa using the hornblende Al₂O₃ geobarometer. The hornblendite enclaves show similar characters of the REE and trace elements to those of the hosting dioritic rocks, and are characterized by the LREE enrichment but HREE depletion. Together with the mineral crystalline condition of the magmatic hornblende, it is concluded that the hornblendite enclaves and their hosting diorites in the Jinling magmatic complex of intrusions may be produced by fractionation crystallization of cogenetic magmatic evolution, and the hornblendite enclaves crystalized from a lower magmatic chamber in the middle-crust level.

The granitoid rocks in the Xinbin-Weiziyu area, northern Liaoning Province, comprise tonalitictrondhjemitic gneisses and monzogranite-syenogranite plutons. To determine their formation ages and petrogenesis, zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic analyses and whole-rock geochemical analyses are conducted on these granitoid rocks. LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating data reveal that the tonalitic and trondhjemitic gneisses emplaced at 2588±4 Ma (MSWD=1.3) and 2587±6 Ma (MSWD=1.8), respectively, and the monzogranite-syenogranite intrusions formed at 2555±4 Ma (MSWD=0.51). Whole-rock geochemistry and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes suggest that magmatic precursors of the tonalitic-trondhjemitic gneisses were derived from partial melting of subducted slabs and the magmas were contaminated by the mantle wedge materials during their ascent. Some of the monzogranitesyenogranite plutons were produced by partial melting of metagreywackes, whereas the others were generated by partial melting of a mixed source composed of metabasalts and metasedimentary rocks. Integrated with recent studies, the Neoarchean granitoid rocks in the Xinbin-Weiziyu area may have been generated under an active continental margin.

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and LA-MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of a rhyolite sample and a tuff sample of Baoligaomiao Formation from Baiyinwula region and Qinggelebaolage region respectively in the middle Inner Mongolia were determined. Zircon U-Pb dating gives the eruption age of rhyolite from the Baiyinwula region as 300.0±2.9 Ma, indicating that the volcanic member of Baoligaomiao Formation formed during the Late Carboniferous. The Qinggelebaolage tuff, which was considered as a part of Baoligaomiao Formation, has a zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of 159.6±1.4 Ma, belonging to Late Jurassic Manketouebo Formation, with three ages of captured zircons (291.8±3.4, 304.0±3.3 and 734.7±9.2 Ma, respectively). In-situ zircon LA-MC-ICP-MS Hf analyses show that magmatic zircons from Baiyinwula rhyolite and Qinggelebaolage tuff have ε_Hf(t) values of +10.5?+12.9 and +10.1?+13.1, with T_DM^C of 493?645 Ma and 369?563 Ma, respectively. Thus, the Baiyinwula rhyolite should be derived from partial melting of Late Paleozoic juvenile crust with involvement of ancient crustal materials whereas the Qinggelebaolage tuff should be generated by partial melting of Late Paleozoic crust. Integrating previous studies, the results review that the Mesozoic and Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Uliastai continental margin might be derived from similar sources, revealing that there was an important crustal accretion event in Late Paleozoic. Moreover, two Paleozoic captured zircon grains in Qinggelebaolage tuff, which have U-Pb ages of ca. 300 Ma, are similar in Hf isotopic features to the magmatic zircons from both the Baiyinwula rhyolite and the Qinggelebaolage tuff, signifying significant crust reworking during formation of the Late Jurassic Qinggelebaolage tuff. These results, together with previous data from the literature, indicate that in the Inner Mongolia Orogenic Belt, a transition from island arc to post-collision extension related to evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean occurred at ca. 300 Ma, whereas the influence of the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime was responsible for the Mesozoic volcanism (ca. 160 Ma).

Tongchang dioritic pluton in Southern Shaanxi Province is located in the tectonic domain of the Mianxian-Lueyang-Yangpingguan triangle block, northern margin of Yangzi Craton, and consists mainly of diorite, quartzdiorite and granodiorite. Zircon grains separated from these rocks are dated using LA-ICPMS and SHRIMP U-Pb isotopic methods. The dating results indicate three intrusive stages of the Tongchang dioritic pluton, and early diorite emplaced at 879±7 Ma; middle quartz diorite at 848±5 Ma to 840 ±7 Ma, with copper ore-bearing albitite emplced at 834±7 Ma, which is consistent with the crystallization age of quartz diorite within error range, and the last granodiorite at 824±5 Ma. These zircon U-Pb isotopic dating results reveal that the emplacements of the Tongchang diorites and related copper deposit did not occur in Paleozoic but in Jinning stage of Neoproterozoic era. The magmatic activity and related copper deposit mineralization are important responses to the breakup event of global Rodinia supercontinent( 860-750 Ma).

To study the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Langao mafic volcanic rocks in South Qinling orogenic belt, basalts and volcanic breccias are sampled from Langao County for petrography, major elements, trace elements and REE analysis. The results show that they are classified to alkaline basalts, and characterized by strong differentiation between LREE and HREE, Rb,K depletion relative to Th, Hf and no Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti negative anomalies. All of the samples display highly consistent REE patterns and trace elements spider diagrams with OIB. Petrogenenis studies reveal that they were derived from a congenetic primitive magma which was the product of low-degree partial melting of the spinel-garnet lherzolites and garnet lherzolites. These rocks mainly underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene with minor plagioclases and were not accompanied by contamination of continent crustal materials during their magmatic evolution processes. Tectonic discrimination for mafic volcanics, using trace elements, and regional geological analysis demonstrate that Langao mafic volcanic rocks were most likely formed in the ocean basin plateau or ocean island setting.

Zhashui granitoids and Dongjiangkou granitoids in the South Qinling tectonic domain of the Qinling orogen, ShanXi province, are composed of porphyry-like granodiorites and porphyry-like monzogranites. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating,in conjunction with CL-i magery, reveals that the Zhashui porphyry-like monzogranite (sample ZS01-01) emplacedfrom209±2 Mato 199±2 Ma, and Dongjiangkou porphyry-like monzogranite (sample ZS04-01) from219±2 Mato 209±2 Ma. Integrated with the previous studies in regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics, the two granitoids formed in one geological event. Emplacement of the Dongjiangkou instrusion is slightly earlier than Zhashui intrusion, and second emplacement of the Dongjiangkou intrusion occurred at synchronous time with the main emplacement of the Shashui intrusion. These new dating data of these two intrusions indicates existing three stages of the tectono-magma activities during ～219 Ma to ～199 Ma along Shangdan suture belt in the north margin of the South Qinling tectonic domain.

Xiba granitoids are located in the South Qinling tectonic belt, Shaanxi province, which consist of granodiorite, monzogranite and tonalite. LA-ICP- MS zircon U-Pb dating yields two concordant ages, 219 ±1 Ma for monzogranite sample XB01-2, and 218±1 Ma for granodiorite sample XB06-1. The ages for two samples are uniformintest errors, indicating a crystallization age of ～218 Ma. This result, together with the previous studies concerning regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics of Xiba granitoids, show that they are produced in the magmatism event of the main orogenic stage of the Qinling orogenic belt.

Guangtoushan granitoids are locatedin the north of Mianlue suture zone, which consist of tonalites and monzogranites. Thetonalites display gneissic feature, which are locally mylonitized into granitoid mylonites. The weakly gneissic to massive monzogranites with a little garnet emplaced after the mylonite zone. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb isotope dating reveals that Guangtoushan granitoidpluton experiencedtwo stages of emplacement. The earlier gneissic tonalite, sample GT18-01, emplaced at 221±6 Ma and the later monzogranite, sample GT11-01, yields a crystalline age of 199±4 Ma. Integrated with the previous studies in regional tectonic setting and geochemical characteristics, the early tonalites of the Guangtoushan granitoids were most likely to emplace at ～221 Ma, which possibly represents the arc magmatism of oceanic crust subduction before Mianlue ocean basin closed. Then, Mianlue ocean basin closed andthe Yangtze Craton was amalgamazed with Qinling micro-block, which formed Mianlue suture zone. The S-type monzogranitic magmatismprobably occured in the syn-collision tectonic setting during the main orogenic stage of the Qinling orogenic belt at ～199 Ma. The closure event of the Mianlue ocean basin, which formed the Mianlue suture zone, occured between ～221 Ma and ～199 Ma.

The late Paleozoic diorites-granitoids emplaced into Precambrian lithological assembleges in Fengshan area, Northern Hebei province are characterized by enrichment in sodium (Na_2O/K_2O>1.0), high Sr, low Y and HREE contents, and their Sr/Y values change from 37.15 to 151.22. Most samples also show positive Eu anomalies and their Eu^* ranges from 0.92 to 1.53. LA-ICP-MS zircon dating and zircon Hf isotope analyses for samples diorite (sample JB6024) and monzogranite (sample JB6037-1) reveal that the diorite and the monzogranite were produced at 315±2.8Ma and 306.6±6Ma, respectively, namely, indicated the two late Paleozoic magmatic episodes in the Fengshan area. Whole rock petrochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopes and zircon Hf isotope indicate that the late Paleozoic Fengshan diorite was produced by the magmatic mixing between mafic magma derived from an EMI-type enriched mantle and felsic magma derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust, and the granitoids derived from fractional crystallization of the dioritic magma that was obviously contaminated by upper crustal materials during their emplacement.

Granitoids in the late stage of the Mesoproterozoic along the north margin of the North China plate, are composed of biotite granites, tonalites, granodiorites and monzonitic granites. They exhibit the features of peraluminous granites, A/CNK>1.1, and are characterized by higher SiO₂, K₂O and low FeO, MgO, CaO, TiO₂, also higher Rb, K, Ta, Nd, Hf and low Nb, Sr, P, Ti in trace and minor elements. They have strong differentiation between LREE and HREE (La/Yb)_N=6.61-64.63. REE patterns have middle negative Eu anomalies. The granitoid belt is approximately EW-trenging and parallel to Mesoproterozoic island arc belt of Bainaimiao group and Weijiagou rock group and ophiolite mélanges belt of Kaiyuan rock group. The new geochemical data suggest that the Mesoproterozoic granitoids in middle segment of north margin of the North China Plate belong to syn-collisional S-type granitoids.They were produced during processes of subduction and collision between the North China Plate and Xiberia Plate in the late stage of Mesoproterozoic. This collisional event in the North China Plate may provide an essential constraint to the aggregation between the plate and others of supercontinental Rodinia.

The Paleoproterozoic Wangjiahui granitoid intrusion, west segment of Wutai mountains, consists mainly of quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, monzogranite and adamellite. Petrochemical analysis of these rocks indicates that they are of metaluminous calc-alkaline feature (A/CNK<1.1). These rocks are characterized by the negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti, and LILEs-enriched in primitive mantle normalized trace-element patterns. Especially, they display obviously high K₂O and negative Sr and Eu anomalies, which are significantly different from the island arc granitoids. Combined with their ε_Nd(2.1Ga) range of -3.82 to -2.80 and T_DM = 2.6 ~ 2.7Ga, these granitoids are most likely to be derived from the partial melting of hybrids both ~ 2.6Ga metavolcanic materials in Archean Wutaishan magmatic arc and older continent crustal materials under lower than 1.2GPa. Petrological and geochemical characteristics of Wangjiahui granitoid intrusion suggest that is probably fored under post-collisional tectonic background. Integrated with other late Paleoproterozoic granitoids within the Central Tectonic Zone, it indicates that there was a tectonic transitional process from extension to compression during late Paleroproterozoic in the southern segment of the Central Zone of NCC.

Neoarchean Wutaishan granitoids (～2.540 Ga) are mainly consisted of granodiorite, monzogranite, a little tonalite, trondhjemite. The geochemistry in whole rocks indicates that they have the characters of middle to high potassium calc-alkaline granitic magma. They exhibit the LILE enrichments and higher w(Rb)/w(Sr) ratios (Rb/Sr), relatively lower w(Sr)/w(Y) and w(La)_n/w(Yb)_n ratios, w(Nb)/w(Ta) and w(Zr)/w(Hf) ratios are similar to Chondrite, right inclined REE patterns, and Nb, Ta, Ti depletion, but all of them have the neodymium T_DM＝2.54～2.72 Ga and the evidently positive ε_Nd(t) values. These important geochemical features indicate that the calc-alkaline granitic magma formed in the Neoarchean oceanic island arc tectonic environment, derived from the partial melting of the juvenile original basaltic crust, and underwent some crystallization fractionation. The Neoarchean oceanic crust subducted to the oceanic island arc and dehydrated, caused the partial melting of the overlain mantle wedge, formed the underplating basaltic rocks underlain the island arc. These basaltic rocks were partially melted in the environment of less 37km crustal depth and formed the Neoarchean Wutaishan calc-alkaline granitic magma.

Numerical viscoelastic modeling for porphyroclast rotation in ductile shear zones is done by a viscoelastic finite element program based on detailed investigation to three ductile shear zones, the Taihangshan Mountains, North China. In this model porphyroclast (garnet) is assumed as isotropic elastic material with small elastic deformation, while the matrix (quartz, feldspar) as viscous fluid (Maxwell material) which has increasing deformation with time. The viscosity of matrix is supposed to be 10²⁰Pa·s, which is varied in alternating models to discuss the effect of visvosity on deformation because it is hard to estimate the true value of the crust. Some results acquired by computer calculation show that the rigid garnet porphyroclasts can rotate as the matrix flows, and the rotational degree depends on the shear stress, shear strain, ratio of porphroclasts to matrix and the locations of porphyroclasts in the zone.

Numerical modeling for porphroblast's rotation and deformation of augen fabrics in ductile shear zones is done by a large plastic deformation programm based on detailed investigation to three ductile shear zones, Taihangshan Mountains. Some results acquired by computer calculation show that the rigid garnet pophyroblasts can rotate as their matrix flow, and the rotational degree depends on the shear force, ratio of poephroblasts to matrix and the locations of porphyroblasts in the model. Formation of augen fabrics is decided by the ductile deference between the porphyroblast and matrix in deformation rock. Plastic strain first starts from ambient of the porphyroblast, and then develops to rims of porphyroblast and gradually transfers to the centers of porphyroblasts. The brittle remains in the central parts of porphyroblasts come to be decreased through the plastic deformation development, which is accordance with the banding of intensity in many mylonitization zones on wild occurrences and observation in the fabrics of mylonitization rocks under microscope.

The Archean metamorphic layering rock series in the Taihang Mountains consist mainly of Al-rich gneiss, various marbles, granulitites and others. There is marked difference in Equilibrium fluids' composition between Al-rich gneiss and marbles. Metamorphic fluid equilibrating with diopside-marble and fosterite-marble presents x(H₂O)=0.02-0.07, however, these equilibrating with Al-rich gneiss has higher water, x(H₂O)=0.27-0.747. There is a great disparity among different rocks in fluid composition in a small area. Fluid composition is controlled by lithology. The mole fraction of water in metamorphic fluid of Al-rich gneiss is higher and the one in marbles is extremely lower, implying that inner buffering plays a leading role in the fluid/rock equilibrium system of the Wanzi layering rock series. This forms a sharp contrast to the fluid/rock equilibrium system with infiltration playing a dominant role in the Fuping gneiss complex. The infiltration of the Fuping gneiss complex and buffering of the Wanzi layering rock series in the fluid/rock equilibrium system suggest that they formed at different tectonic levels of the earth.

The Archean metamorphic rocks in the northern Taihang Mountains can be divided into Fuping Gneiss Complex (FPGC), Nanying Gneiss (NYG) and Wanzi Layering Series (WZLS) from bottom to top. A large low-angle-extension deformation belt, along which NYG was emplaced, was found between FPGC and WZLS. A series of ductile deformation structures, including a-type and sheath folds, mineral stretching lineations and augen structures, are found in the main deformation belt, where rocks have been foliated heavily. Shear criteria indicate a top-to-the-west sense of shear. A series of small shear zones, which are parallel to the main deformation belt, are formed in the foot wall, while in the hanging wall ductile-brittle normal faults are popular. The PT-paths of the two walls are clockwise, implying that the crust evoluted from early thicking by folding through thinning by stretching and finally being denuded by lifting.